Which type of incontinence occurs during activities like sneezing or coughing?

Stress incontinence is characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine that occurs during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as sneezing, coughing, laughing, or exercising. This type of incontinence is often associated with weakness in the pelvic floor muscles or the urethral sphincter mechanism. When these muscles are not strong enough to hold back urine during such physical activities, leakage occurs.

The mechanisms behind stress incontinence involve the physical stress placed on the bladder and urethra. When the abdominal pressure rises suddenly (for example, during a sneeze), the supporting structures may not adequately support the urethra, leading to leakage. This condition is particularly common in women who have given birth or have experienced hormonal changes, as well as in older adults.

In contrast, urge incontinence arises from an overactive bladder, where there is a sudden and intense urge to urinate, often resulting in leakage before one can reach the bathroom. Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder becomes excessively full and leaks due to pressure, often seen in conditions that impede bladder emptying. Functional incontinence is when an individual cannot reach the bathroom due to physical or cognitive impairments, not a direct issue with bladder function.

Understanding these distinctions helps to identify the underlying causes of